Thursday, September 27, 2012

This Is Your Brain on Jazz

I love jazz music. It's one of the most soothing, emotionally driven genres of music out there. I go to see the Duke Jazz ensemble all the time and whenever I have some spare time, I check out the Mary Lou. For me, the best music to study to is jazz, where a sexy saxophone compliments the cool vibes of the xylophone, always freeing me from the grasp of writers block. Hot Damn!! can those jazz musicians free style! The reason I bring this up is because one of the most fascinating fMRI studies I've ever hear about studied jazz improvisation. This study was performed at Johns Hopkins using  jazz pianists from their Peabody Institute. The study was divided into four exercises.

"Each musician first took part in four different exercises designed to separate out the brain activity involved in playing simple memorized piano pieces and activity while improvising their music. While lying in the fMRI machine with the special keyboard propped on their laps, the pianists all began by playing the C-major scale, a well-memorized order of notes that every beginner learns. With the sound of a metronome playing over the headphones, the musicians were instructed to play the scale, making sure that each volunteer played the same notes with the same timing. 
In the second exercise, the pianists were asked to improvise in time with the metronome. They were asked to use quarter notes on the C-major scale, but could play any of these notes that they wanted. Next, the musicians were asked to play an original blues melody that they all memorized in advance, while a recorded jazz quartet that complemented the tune played in the background.  In the last exercise, the musicians were told to improvise their own tunes with the same recorded jazz quartet.." 

The key finding of this study was that during times of improvisation, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, linked to planning and self-censoring, exhibited a significant decrease in activation hinting at the idea that less activation means less inhibitions. There was also increased activation of the prefrontal cortex, linked to self-expression and individuality.

How cool is that! The brain shuts off inhibition and increases self-expression when being creative, it frees itself from censorship and lets you take total control. I think this is awesome!

What do you guys think?

Thursday, September 20, 2012

Brains, Minds, and Ethics

Fellow Amigos,

How's everything?! I didn't mention this to anyone but my blog was flagged for spam last week...finally got that taken care of and i'm back with a vengeance... Anyway, today I want to comment on how much technology has advanced and where it could possibly advance to in the future. I'm sure i'm not alone when I say I went through a superpower phase wanting to fly, have telekinesis, telepathy, and the ability to read minds. Most people site these powers a their top favorites, yet as we get older, we sort of veer away from wanting the ability to read minds, mainly because some things are better left unsaid. That it mind, its highly feasible that mind reading can become a reality in the near future...but is that something we really want? If I was given a genius brain that was predestined to invent innovative and exciting technology (as opposed to struggling to understand a science article) I think 99.9 times out of a hundred, I would opt out of inventing a mind reading machine and instead create the perfect brain reading machine. Why? The short answer is because completely understanding the biology and functionality of the brain will open up al sorts of doors to new medications and procedures to improve the fight against brain diseases and disorders. The other answer...well, how can we morally justify a ind reading device? In this day in age, our thoughts are really the only privacy we have. Though reading minds can grant psychologists more insight to the way people think and behave, or maybe even a better understanding of the disordered schizophrenic brain, there are strong ethic violations that seem evident. This machine can easily become a tool of the military when holding POW's, and just invades something that is sacred to every individual. For these reasons I say, give us the brain machine!

Wednesday, September 12, 2012

My First Encounter

Hey Guys,

Hope everyone is having a great week! Also stay healthy! I have unfortunately been chilling with sickness for the past few days but hopefully it goes away soon! College dorms are something else aren't they? Anyway, today I'd like to talk about my first encounter with a brain disorder, one that claimed the life of someone dear to me. Before the diagnosis, I had no idea what Neuroscience was or what type of brain diseases existed but it is ultimately what sparked my interest in the field.

Coming from an Italian-Greek household, family is something that is cherished deeply and i've aways had extended family over growing up for as long as I can remember. My grandmother lived with me my whole life and was, as a result, a second mother to me. When I was going into my first year of High School, one of her doctors noticed something off about the way she walked and sent her to a Neurologist to get looked at. It was then that we learned she had Parkinson's Disease, a brain disorder that results from a dopamine neuron death in the substantia nigra.

My Grandmother had always been a strong woman, taking care of my mom and two uncles on her own after my Grandfather died due to heart failure. When I was younger she would take me to work with her and we would go play in the park afterwards. She was very active, always refusing to sit down, always trying to clean every last square inch of the house, and always dancing to some Sinatra. I looked up to her, and when I found out she had Parkinson's I took a special interest in neuroscience. She used to tell me about her doctor visits and would have me look up symptoms and causes for the disease. I found it all fascinating but I hated the disease so much. I looked up videos of Michael J. Fox after he had parkinson's and was scared for what it would do to my Grandma. The years following were miserable for me. I slowly watched as the disease ate away at her strength. She would shake constantly and drag her feet while she walked. She didn't have the strength to do all the trivial household things she used to do and she would fight her fatigue to do it anyway. I picked up her medicine whenever she needed refills, i'll never forget the name "Carbidopa-Levodopa". The disease claimed her life early second semester of my Freshman Year and I swore to accomplish what i promised my Grandma, to become a doctor that specialized in neuroscience and treat my patients better than her doctors had treated her.

This was my first encounter, and this is my motivation.

Wednesday, September 5, 2012

Statistics? Experimentation? What the...?

Ciao! Chris here, back with my weekly Neuro blog #THECORTEX, and this time, I want to rant a bit on the complexities of understanding statistical reports and experimentation in scientific papers. Like many people who find themselves plunging head first into piles of assigned articles, I have difficulty getting past the Oxford Dictionary-esque language that researchers love to use. Usually, this isn’t much of an issue (I’m used to it from Shakespeare) but the problem lies in the fact that they use complex vocabulary along with very specialized terms and acronyms that only people highly immersed in the field will understand. It frustrates me to no end, but hey, that’s the status quo, science is professional.

            Moving beyond the wording of papers, I find statistical reporting plain old confusing. I have a general understanding of p-values, error bars, normal distributions, significance of results, the whole 9-yards, but sometimes they use tests that I just have never seen before. I get so lost up in the explanation that I tend to lose track of what the paper is trying to say. When closely analyzed, the statistics isn’t that bad, but the inclusion of their statistical procedure has a tendency to make things clustered for me.
            Lastly, the most confusing thing about experimentation in scientific papers is the different types of procedures used and the figures that special computer programs spit out. I’m extremely familiar with EEG tests from my own research, however experimenters use tests I have never heard of or am not too familiar with, I tend to spend so much time trying to figure out what’s going on.
            It’s crazy how on can spend a few hours trying to understand 5 pages fully, I definitely need more practice!

 What do you think? Drop me a line!

Some Disney Stats